Lead in residential properties
Protecting people from lead exposure
Protecting people and specifically children from exposure to lead is important to lifelong good health.
Lead is a contaminant that affects multiple parts of the body. There is no level of exposure to lead that is known to be without harmful effects.
If left undetected and untreated, lead exposure in children can have irreversible neurobehavioral and developmental effects, causing learning and behavioural problems that continue into adulthood.
Internationally, lead exposure remains a significant public health concern with high exposure associated with multiple facets of inequality.
In New Zealand, the dominant exposure to lead in a residential environment, is via the historical use of lead-based paints. When old paint is being removed, lead may settle in dust or soil. Contaminated land investigations provide clear evidence of the relationship between housing age and elevated soil lead concentrations. However, exposure to lead is challenging to detect based on health symptoms alone and lead exposure in New Zealand is therefore likely to be under-estimated.
WasteMINZ Residential Lead Working Group
The WasteMINZ Residential Lead Working Group was formed in 2018 and included representative from the health and public health sectors, lead awareness advocates, environmental consultants, local government and the paint retail and trade industries. The group was active until November 2025, and is now in a hiatus. However, the information on this webpage is still publicly accessible and relevant.
The WasteMINZ Residential lead working group identified three areas that require urgent action:
- Leadership and coordination: Several entities and individuals have some role in lead exposure management. They are guided by a myriad of legislation and guidance, with no agency accountable for ensuring the whole system works, and no stated goal to protect New Zealanders against exposure to lead.
- Research and monitoring: High level surveillance alongside prevalence testing (in high-risk areas with older housing or other risk factors) is needed to assess children’s current lead exposure. Blood lead level data is poor, almost solely occupational, and completely absent for children under 5.
- Advocacy and proactive measures: Regulation and guidance is sporadic and often outdated. There are opportunities to raise awareness of lead to empower and protect tenants, homeowners, painters and most importantly children.
You can see the work they have undertaken to date below.

Our work
The Residential Lead Working Group wrote to Simeon Brown, Minister of Health, in October 2025, requesting government leadership on legacy lead exposure. You can read the letter and its appendices below.
- Letter to Minister Simeon Brown
- Appendix A - Addressing Residential Lead Evidence and Policy Considerations for Government Action
Further appendices:
- B: WasteMINZ Open Letter to the Ministers 2024
- C: Current Roles and Responsibilities - The Lead Web
- D: History of Lead In NZ
- E: Available Residential Soil, Household Dust, Blood, and Other Lead Data in New Zealand
- F: Kainga Ora Housing New Zealand Conceptual Site Model (2024)
- G: Current Position of Human Health Risks from Lead (Pb) Exposure in the United States
- H: Current Position of Human Health Risks from Lead (Pb) Exposure in the United Kingdom
- I: Current Position of Human Health Risks from Lead (Pb) Exposure in Australia
- J: Tenancy Tribunal Order
- K: WasteMINZ Residential Lead Working Group HAIL submission
- L: Regulatory tools to manage lead-based paint contamination
- M: Challenges in managing risks from lead-based paint contamination
- N: Inconsistencies in toxicological foundations of NZ guideline values
- O: Lead paint removal guidance in New Zealand
- P: DIY Lead Paint Detection Methods and Availability
- Q: WasteMINZ Residential Lead Working Group Position Statement
Resources
The Residential Lead Working Group has submitted on the following consultations:
- Ministry for the Environment's Hazardous Activities and Industries List guidance
- The 2024 New Zealand Total Diet Study
- Environmental Protection Authority (EPA): Cutting lead levels in paints
Presentations and webinars
For more information on lead and its effects on health please see:
- Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand
- Environmental Health Intelligence New Zealand - EHINZ (part of Massey University)
- WorkSafe New Zealand
- World Health Organisation
- Environmental Protection Authority
At the WasteMINZ conference in 2023, the Residential Lead Working Group held an additional day and a half long workshop with presentations around the following topics:
- Overview of the history of lead use and the issues
- Setting the right standards
- New Zealand data
- Management of health impacts
- Industry initiatives
- Future focused solutions and actions
